By Sean Cambern
•
06 Jul, 2023
Save time, money, and trouble by answering a few questions before you start shopping for a forklift. What do you need to lift, and how much does it weigh? Forklift capacity, also known as load, net, or rated capacity, refers to the maximum weight a forklift can safely raise at a particular load center. Load center refers to the horizontal distance from the forks’ vertical face to the load’s center of gravity — typically 24 inches. Your forklift’s maximum capacity is influenced by its load center, attachments, lifting height and other such factors.Typically, forklifts have lift capacities ranging from 3,000 pounds, to 70,000 or more, and lifts heights around 15 feet and higher. So, you will need to know the maximum amount that needs to be lifted, where it will be centered on the forks, and how high it needs to be lifted before determining the lift and height capacities needed for your forklift. Where will the lift be operated? Will it be used exclusively indoors, outdoors, or both? If it’s indoors, will it be driven on a service that cannot be marked, like a showroom floor? If it’s operated outdoors, is the surface smooth, broken, or filled with holes, sharp objects, or other hazards? The answers to these questions will help to determine which type of tires you need, and they will provide valuable information for choosing a power source. Cushion tires are normally recommended for use indoors, or on smooth outdoor surfaces, like concrete or asphalt. Special non-marking cushion tires are used for showroom floors and other services that might be marred by standard cushion tires. Pneumatic, or solid-pneumatic tires are recommended for rough surfaces or those with nails, broken glass, or other hazards. These tires can be used indoors, but they decrease the turning radius when compared to cushion tires. There are patterned or tread cushion tires, which offer some traction outdoors but not as much as most pneumatic tires. Electric forklifts are a good choice if they do not need to operate for more than one shift a day. They’re better for worker health and the environment, and they save you money on fuel, maintenance, and operating costs. The new lithium-ion batteries are long-lasting, maintenance-free, and they can be fully charged in as little as two hours. However, before you purchase a lithium-ion powered lift, be sure to confirm that your facility has a 480v 3-phase power supply, which is required for the charger. Otherwise, you might want to consider traditional lead-acid batteries. Propane, gas, or diesel-powered forklifts are best for use outside, or when the equipment needs to be operated for more than one shift a day. What are the limitations on space? If the forklift will be operated in a warehouse, how wide are the aisles? How high are the doorways and ceilings? Does the forklift need to drive into a container or trailer? Does it need to lift loads in spaces with low overheads? Aisle widths less than 12-feet may require a three-wheel, narrow-aisle, or other specialized type of lift. When explaining your need to a forklift dealer, be sure to provide the width of the narrowest aisle, the typical load length, and an estimate of the forklift operators’ skills and experience. This will help to determine which equipment will meet your needs. The dealer will also need to know the lowest overhead in the operating area, and if loads will be lifted in spaces with low overheads. Many forklifts with three-stage masts have a certain amount of free lift, which allows a load to be lifted up without raising the mast. Not all forklifts have this, and the amount of free lift varies. So, be specific with these measurements. Are any attachments required? Most forklifts will raise, lower, and tilt the load. Many will include as side shift attachments, which enables the operator to shift the load left and right without having to reposition the lift. Other common attachments include a fork positioner (which allows the operator to change the distance between the forks without having to do it manually) carpet pole, carton clamp, or rotator. Answering these questions will be a great start to a successful search for a new or used forklift. Be sure to watch for the next post in this series with even more valuable information on buying material-handling equipment.